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Sound-Spelling Patterns
For the following activities, your child will blend letters, analyze word parts, and write and recognize words. Use the documents below as needed before or while engaging in the activities.
Sound-spelling patterns consist of letters that are often combined to make a specific sound. Common sound-spelling patterns can include consonant patterns, vowel patterns, and syllable patterns. See examples below (not an exhaustive list of examples).
Sound-Spelling Pattern Examples
Pattern Type Pattern Examples Consonant Patterns Consonant digraphs are two or more consonants next to each other that make one sound. - th (this)
- sh (fish)
- tch (patch)
Consonant blends are two or more consonants next to each other that make their individual sounds. - st (stop)
- ft (raft)
- scr (script
Silent-letter combinations are two consonants next to each other where one says its sound and the other is silent. - kn (know)
- wr (write)
- mb (lamb)
Vowel Patterns Vowel teams are two or more letters next to each other that say one vowel sound. - ea (weak)
- igh (night)
- oa (boat)
Vowel diphthongs two vowels next to each other that begin with one vowel sound and changes to another vowel sound within the same syllable. - ow (cow)
- oi (noise)
r-controlled vowels are vowels followed by r. - ar (car)
- er (her)
- ir (sir)
- or (afford)
- us (fu)
A syllable is a word part with a vowel in it. Usually, a word has as many syllables as it has vowels. Vowels are a, e, i, o, u. The other letters (like b, c, d, f) are consonants.
- Cat has one syllable.
- Picnic has two syllables (pic‑nic).
- Yesterday has three syllables (yes‑ter‑day).
Syllable Pattern Examples
Syllable Pattern Description Examples Open A syllable ending with a vowel sound that is spelled with a single vowel letter (a, e, i, o, or u). - me
- pro/gram
- mu/sic
Closed A syllable ending in one or more consonants and a short vowel sound spelled with one vowel. - hat
- dish
- bas/ket)
VCe V stands for vowel. C stands for consonant. e is the silent e at the end of a syllable or word.
A syllable pattern that ends in silent e, which makes the vowel before it a long sound (say its name).- stripe
- shine
- bake
Vowel Team A syllable that has multiple vowels spelling the vowel. - tooth
- pain
- train/er
Vowel‑r A syllable that has at least one vowel followed by an r. The r always comes directly after the vowel (ar, er, ir, or, ur). - car
- bird
- cor/ner
Consonant‑le A final syllable that contains a consonant followed by le. The e is always silent in this syllable pattern. - sim-ple
- puz-zle
- a-ble
Floss Spelling Rule
Key Points About the Video- Dad clearly explains the floss rule and provides examples at the beginning of the activity.
- Daughter uses her favorite color markers to complete the activity.
- After several practice opportunities, Dad asks his daughter to explain the difference between words that follow the floss rule and those that do not.
Floss Spelling Rule
Help your child practice the floss spelling rule. When a one-syllable words ends in f, l, or s, double the final f, l, or s (sniff, fall, mess). We call this the floss spelling rule because the word floss follows this rule and includes the letters f, l, and s to help us remember the rule.
Long Vowel Spelling Patterns
Key Points About the Video- Mom explains and shows examples of long o spelling patterns before beginning the activity.
- Mom does the first one to show her daughter how the activity is to be completed.
- As each word is spelled by the daughter, Mom uses it in a sentence to promote vocabulary and oral language.
Long Vowel Spelling Patterns
Help your child identify long vowel spelling patterns and spell words.
Vowel Diphthong Bingo
Key Points About the Video- Siblings have fun identifying vowel diphthongs while playing bingo.
- Oldest son engages both siblings in the activity.
- Oldest son encourages siblings to use the word in a sentence to promote language development.
Vowel Diphthong Bingo
Help your child identify vowel diphthongs (ou, ow, oi, oy) in words.
Double the Consonant and Add -ing or -ed Spelling Rule
Key Points About the Video- Mom explains the double the consonant spelling rule and provides examples at the beginning of the activity.
- Mom reviews the double the consonant rule with each word her daughter spells.
- Mom asks her daughter to use a word in the sentence to promote language and vocabulary development.
Double the Consonant Spelling Rule
Help your child practice the double the consonant spelling rule. We use this rule when we add ‑ing or ‑ed to a word. When a vowel is followed by a consonant in a one-syllable word, double the consonant and then add ‑ed or ‑ing (swim/swimming, shop/shopping, mop/mopped).Change the y to i Spelling Rule
Help your child practice the "change the y to i and add the ending" spelling rule (rely + ed = relied).Map and Swoop Open Syllables and Closed Syllables
Help your child identify open and closed syllable patterns to read and spell words. An open syllable ends with a vowel sound that is spelled with a single vowel letter (a, e, i, o, or u). Examples include me, pro/gram, mu/sic. A closed syllable has a short vowel ending in a consonant. Examples include hat, dish, bas/ket.Open and Closed Syllable Sort
Help your child identify and sort words with open and closed syllable patterns.Map and Swoop VCe Syllable Pattern
Help your child identify VCe syllable patterns to read and spell words. A VCe syllable pattern ends in silent e, which makes the vowel before it a long sound (say its name). Examples include stripe, shine, bake.Map and Swoop Vowel Team Syllable Pattern
Help your child identify the vowel team syllable pattern to read and spell words. A vowel team syllable pattern has multiple vowels spelling the vowel. Examples include train/er, boat/ing.
Vowel Team Syllable Pattern Practice
Key Points About the Video- Dad discusses what vowel teams and syllables are to make sure his son understands before starting the activity.
- Dad is patient and encouraging ("you're doing a great job") throughout the activity.
- Dad points out and explains the "tricky" words (boatload, toenail). These words are compound words, and each include two vowel team syllables.
Vowel Team Syllable Pattern Practice
Help your child identify the vowel team syllable pattern in words.
Map and Swoop Vowel-r Syllable Pattern
Key Points About the Video- Mom explains vowel-r syllable patterns before beginning the activity.
- Mom explains the meanings of unknown words (cursor) to promote vocabulary development.
Map and Swoop Vowel‑r Syllable Pattern
Help your child identify the vowel-r syllable pattern in words. A vowel-r syllable pattern always has at least one vowel followed by an r. The r always comes directly after the vowel. Examples include start, learn, doc/tor.
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